Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a complex trait that may be in. Transcript levels of orf288 are associated with the hau. Typically, mst represents a condition in which female sex is normal and male sex is nonfunctional. Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility this is a case of cytoplasmic male sterility, for which a nuclear gene for restoring fertility in male sterile line is known. Maintaining and restoring cytoplasmic male sterility. Pdf male sterility, types and utilization in hybrid seed production. Hybrid seed is produced from a cross between two genetically different lines. Cytoplasmic male sterility is used in agriculture to facilitate the production of hybrid seed. Role of male sterility in vegetable hybrid seed production. More specifically, the invention relates to a hybrid wild rice seed and plant produced using a cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system. Review genetics and biology of cytoplasmic male sterility.
The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility and prospects for its. Kothapally narsimha reddy, in genetic and genomic resources for grain cereals improvement, 2016. This complexity has made it difficult to study the genetics and evolution of gynodioecy in natural populations. Cms provides an expedient mechanism to produce large populations of malesterile plants. Genetic male sterility in wheat triticum aestivum l. The fertility restorer gene,r, is generally dominant and is found in certain strain of the species or may be tranfered from related species.
Increasing interest in cytoplasmic male sterility cms and the search for pollen fertility restorer rf genes in potato have arisen due to a new strategy in breeding of this important crop which is based on the development of heterotic hybrids. Further genetic and molecular studies help elucidate the mechanisms involved in cms male sterility. The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. A joint segregation analysis of the inheritance of. Cytoplasmic genic male sterility in pigeonpea by ldparmar. Male sterility in plants is often cytoplasmically based and maternally inherited.
Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic male sterility, as the name indicates, is under extranuclear genetic control under control of the mitochondrial or plastid genomes. In a number of cases, transcripts originating from these altered open reading frames are translated into unique proteins that appear to interfere with mitochondrial. This system is not only a useful method for hybrid seed production, but also serves as a model for investigating nuclearmitochondrial interactions hanson. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been noticed over 150 plant species. Evidence of cytoplasmic and genetic male sterility in. The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is termed as genic or. Cms is a condition where plant is unable to produce functional pollen.
Cytoplasmic male sterility is a maternally inherited trait that suppresses pollen production due to the interaction of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Cms provides an expedient mechanism to produce large populations of male sterile plants for commercial f1 hybrid seed production. Cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility gene provides direct evidence for. Mitochondrial function depends on the coordinate action of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in. The present invention relates to a wild rice seed, a wild rice plant, and a method for producing a wild rice hybrid seed.
Genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. Evidence of cytoplasmic and genetic male sterility in pears, journal of heredity, volume 67, issue. Since then considerable knowledge has been accumulated on the nature of the trait, the means of its identification and induction, inheritance of both genic and cytoplasmic genic malesterility, its line maintenance, and the potential for breeding hybrid cultivars. Gynodioecy, the coexistence of functionally female and hermaphroditic morphs within plant populations, often has a complicated genetic basis involving several cytoplasmic malesterility factors and nuclear restorers. Genic male sterility is controlled by nuclear genes. For instance, if female parent is male sterile, then genotype nucleus of male parent will determine the phenotype of f 1 progeny. Introduction genetic male sterility gms cytoplasmic. Genetic engineering of male sterility for hybrid seed. Pdf development of an effective cytoplasmic genetic male sterility. The genetic dissection of these interactions presents special challenges in obligate aerobes, because the viability of these organisms depends on mitochondrial respiration. Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility cms is a method that is widely used for produc ing f1 hybrid seeds as well as the study of nucleocytoplasmic interactions budar et al. The f 1 hybrid seed is produced by crossing male sterile wild rice plants with restorer wild rice plants. Male sterility in plants genetics biology discussion. Cytoplasmic genome, cytoplasmic male sterility, molecular markerassisted selection, late blight resistance, agronomic trait, potato solanum tuberosum l.
Plant mitochondrial genome evolution and cytoplasmic male sterility zhiwen chen a, nan zhao, shuangshuang li, corrinne e. Pdf cytoplasmic genic male sterility in pigeonpea by. The initial discovery of cytoplasmic male sterile cms threeline system made it possible to produce hybrids that significantly increase rice yields compared to its inbred counterparts. The inheritance of rf genes in pepper by joint segregation analysis was examined. Some examples of cytoplasmic male sterility genes identi fi ed in different plant species. It occurs in many plant species and is often associated with chimeric mitochondrial open reading frames. Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. This type of male sterility has provision for restoration of fertility, which is not possible in cytoplasmic male sterility.
Yamamoto, hiroaki matsuhira, kazuyoshi kitazaki and tomohiko kubo laboratory of genetic engineering, faculty of agriculture, hokkaido university, sapporo 0608589, japan abstract. In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect. Multistep formation, evolution, and functionalization of new cytoplasmic male sterility genes in the plant mitochondrial genomes huiwu tang 1, 2, 3 xingmei zheng 1, 2, 3. A case of cytoplasmic male sterility controlled by a restoration gene rf was found in cultivated rice, oryza sativa l. In the f 2 generation, the fertile and sterile individuals will segregate in 3. The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration patrick s. Effect of genetic background of blines on male sterility has been found in case of a1 cms system in pearl millet and sorghum, and fertility restorer gene. In this article we will discuss about the molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in nature. Genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and genetic male. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to produce or shed viable pollen. In cytoplasmic genetic male sterilitybased cgms hybrid seed production, instability of expression of malesterility and fertility restoration across a wide range. Multistep formation, evolution, and functionalization of new. We present detailed nuclear genetic models for four populations and address ques tions about the number and type of nuclear genes in volved in male sterility.
Male sterile plants produce no functional pollen, but do produce viable eggs. When all of the chromosomes of the male sterile line were replaced with chromosomes of normal plants, the line still remained male sterile, showing thereby that male sterility in controlled by some agency in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Additional cms types were also discovered with similar genetic control from wild sources by interspecific. A quantitative genetic analysis of nuclearcytoplasmic male. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms sources in pearl millet were identified in populations of crosses involving genetically diverse parents, for example, a 1 burton, 1958, a 3 cms athwal, 1966.
Plant mitochondrial genome evolution and cytoplasmic male. Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility cms is a method that is widely used for produc ing f1 hybrid seeds as well as the study of nucleo cytoplasmic interactions budar et al. Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. The weakness of each of the genetic systems, though, was that a portion of the f2 were male fertile, and thus a portion of the seed that was developed was not hybrid. Another form of male sterility not under the sole influence of male nuclear genes is called cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Male sterility in plants maternal effects and cytoplasmic. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a maternally inherited trait that suppresses production of functional pollen grains, has been known for over 100 years and has been reported in over 150 plant species.
Maintaining and restoring cytoplasmic male sterility systems. The inheritance of rf genes in the two progenies was controlled by two major additivedominant. Cytoplasmic male sterility an introduction to genetic. It shows nonmendelian inheritance, with male sterility inherited maternally. Nuclear male sterility nms genic, genetic, mendelian male sterility is governed solely by one or more. Depending on these factors male sterility can be classified in to cytoplasmic male sterility cms cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility cgms genetic male sterility gms. Hybrid seed is produced from a cross between two genetically. Genic male sterility has been reported in cabbage and cauliflower by nieuwhof in 1961. This is not a very common type of male sterile system in the plant kingdom.
Yamamoto, hiroaki matsuhira, kazuyoshi kitazaki and tomohiko kubo laboratory of genetic engineering, faculty of agriculture, hokkaido university, sapporo. Two types of nuclear genes, fr and ms, control this sterility. Nuclear male sterility cms molecular characterization of cytoplasms dna polymorphism and mappi. Mechanisms of genic male sterility semantic scholar. In maize three types of cms systems, namely cmst, cmss and cmsc, have been documented and are differentiated by the reaction to restorers, mitochondrial dna restriction digest patterns, and complements of low molecular weight plasmids. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. Cytoplasmic male sterility is determined outside the nuclear genome and is caused by sequence alterations in the mitochondrial genome affecting availability andor functionality of anthers, pollen or male gametes hanson and bentolila 2004, ivanov and dymshits 2007, carlsson et al. In cotton, all three types of male steriles are found. Since then considerable knowledge has been accumulated on the nature of the trait, the means of its identification and induction, inheritance of both genic and cytoplasmic genic male sterility, its line maintenance, and the potential for breeding hybrid cultivars. Genetics of male sterility gynodioecious plantago 11. The open reading frames are indicated as tall rectangles, non coding. Nuclear male sterility cms molecular characterization of. The plant trait cytoplasmic male sterility cms is determined by the mitochondrial genome and is associated with a pollen.
Pdf genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and. The use of cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid seed. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. Cytoplasmic genome types of european potatoes and their. Wise cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited condition in which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed production. The malesterile plants were typical of genetic and cytoplasmic malesteriles, except that in a low proportion of the florets, the anthers were transformed to pistillike structures. Evidence of cytoplasmic and genetic male sterility in pears. Male sterility may be conditioned due to cytoplasmic or genetic factors or due to interaction of both. In maize three types of cms systems, namely cmst, cmss and cmsc, have been documented and are differentiated by the reaction to restorers, mitochondrial dna restriction digest patterns, and. Uc91099 is a genetic malesterile wheat triticum aestivum l. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms sterile cytoplasm s male sterility comes about as a result of the combined action of nuclear genes and genic or structural changes in the cytoplasmic organellar genome.
Dec 22, 2015 cytoplasmic genetic male sterility this is a case of cytoplasmic male sterility, for which a nuclear gene for restoring fertility in male sterile line is known. The ultimate solution to this problem was the use of cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Gray, in genetic improvement of vegetable crops, 1993. In certain other cases, although male sterility is wholly controlled by cytoplasm, but a restorer gene if present in the nucleus will restore fertility. In this paper we focus our attention on variation in restorer genes. A cytoplasmic male sterility cms system is one of the most efficient ways to produce f 1 hybrid seeds in pepper capsicum annuum. Restoreroffertility rf genes are a critical component within the cmsrf system. A quantitative genetic analysis of nuclearcytoplasmic. In maize, over 80 separate discoveries of cytoplasmic male sterility have been made duvick 1965, and many. Genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and genetic.
In this type, male sterility is controlled by a single gene and is recessive to fertility, so that the f 1 individuals would be fertile. We screened weedy rice accessions by both genetic and molecular marker tests for the cytoplasmic male sterility cms genes wild abortive. Vinod centre for plant breeding and genetics male sterility is defined as the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited condition in which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Pdf the work on development of cytoplasmic genetic male sterility cms system through conventional breeding was initiated in 1993 at the directorate. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell.
Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops. Exploration of cms in the production of male sterile lines eliminates hand emasculation. When nuclear restoration of fertility genes rf is available for a cms system in any crop, it is cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility the sterility is manifested by the influence of both nuclear and cytoplasmic genes. This system relies on cytoplasmic factors and organelle genes nonmendelian inheritance to adversely affect development of one or more types of cells in the anther during some stage of microsporogen. Male sterility in pepper was first documented by martin and grawford in1951. This system is also known in cotton,maize, jowar, bajra, sunflower, rice, wheat etc. Multistep formation, evolution, and functionalization of. They show nonmendelian inheritance and are under the regulation of cytoplasmic factors. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility genetics. There are commonly two types of cytoplasms, n normal and s sterile. Cytoplasmically inherited male sterility cms results from an interaction between the organellar and nuclear genomes that conditions the failure to produce functional pollen.
Oct 11, 2016 multistep formation, evolution, and functionalization of new cytoplasmic male sterility genes in the plant mitochondrial genomes huiwu tang 1, 2, 3 xingmei zheng 1, 2, 3. More specifically, the invention relates to a hybrid wild rice seed and plant produced using a cytoplasmicgenetic male sterility system. Since,this gene restorer male fertility in the male sterile line, it is known as restorer gene. Classification of male sterility there are three basic types of male sterility. Jun 01, 2001 gynodioecy, the coexistence of functionally female and hermaphroditic morphs within plant populations, often has a complicated genetic basis involving several cytoplasmic male sterility factors and nuclear restorers. Apr 08, 2014 cytoplasmic male sterility cms sterile cytoplasm s male sterility comes about as a result of the combined action of nuclear genes and genic or structural changes in the cytoplasmic organellar genome. We use a quantitative genetic analysis of crosses within and among. Cytoplasmic male sterility cytoplasmic male sterility as the name indicates is under extra nuclear genetic control. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is primarily caused by chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genome, and it can be suppressed by restorationoffertility rf genes in the nuclear genome schnable, 1998. Such type of sterility arises from the interaction of nuclear gene s conditioning sterility with sterile cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic male sterility is determined outside the nuclear genome and is caused by sequence alterations in the mitochondrial genome affecting availability andor functionality of anthers, pollen or male gametes hanson and bentolila 2004, ivanov and dymshits 2007, carlsson et.
Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect topics. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in beets. Wendelb, and jinping huaa alaboratory of cotton genetics, genomics and breeding, college of agronomy and biotechnologykey laboratory of crop heterosis and utilization moe, beijing key laboratory of crop genetic. Stability of cytoplasmic genetic male sterility and fertility. Review genetics and biology of cytoplasmic male sterility and. In contrast to genic male sterility, cytoplasmic male sterility cms in brassica oleracea was unknown before pearson 1 crossed b. The cms threelinehybridizing method is an im portant method for heterosis utilization of the crop.